Showing posts with label vagabond. Show all posts
Showing posts with label vagabond. Show all posts

Monday, July 7, 2014

Mereka Bukan Haiwan Liar: Nasib Golongan Jalanan Dan Memaknai Hari Warisan Georgetown

Kami mengucapkan selamat menyambut Hari Warisan buat warga Pulau Pinang sempena perayaan pengisytiharan Georgetown sebagai kota warisan dunia pada 7 Julai setiap tahun. Ia pasti merupakan sesuatu yang dinantikan kerajaan negeri Pulau Pinang kerana dengan pengistiharaan ini, bermakna Pulau Pinang bakal menerima kemasukan ribuan pelancong dari dalam dan luar negara. Pelbagai acara-acara kebudayaan dicipta dan dirancang dengan teliti di setiap lorong-lorong dan bangunan-bangunan bersejarah kota mutiara ini.
Living Haritage 2014 merupakan acara rasmi Kerajaan Negeri bersama majlis perbandaran dan Georgetown Heritage Inc. Ini adalah acara tahunan yang kononya  menonjolkan kebudayaan hidup dan komuniti Georgetown yang aman damai dan ceria. Sebanyak 13 acara telah dirancang untuk sambutan selama dua hari. Dan sepanjang bulan Julai pelbagai tawaran-tawaran menarik dibuat oleh hotel-hotel dan agensi pelancongan disini. Kehidupan disini semuanya nampak ceria dan penuh kebahagiaan.
Disebalik keghairahan untuk menyambut kehadiran pelancong-pelancong ini bersama wang yang mereka bawa, wujud sedikit kesesalan dalam jiwa kami tentang salah satu komuniti lain yang sama-sama wujud di Georgetown. Mereka ini adalah golongan jalanan yang saban hari berusaha untuk mencapai kebahagiaan mereka sendiri disebalik hiruk pikuk kepesatan pembagunan di kota lama ini. Timbul persoalan siapa mereka dihati kita ? Pada awal bulan Julai, pemerhatian kami di KOMTAR, Masjid Kapitan dan kawasan-kawasan biasa gelandangan berkumpul mendapati golongan ini ditahan atas nama 'diselamatkan' dan dihimpun pusat tahanan sementara. Perkara ini berlaku dalam masa pesta sambutan hari warisan ini berlangsung. Sikap seperti ini, kami lihat seolah-olah hanya melepaskan batok ditangga dan menyapu sampah ke bawah tikar. Ia bersifat penyelesaian sementara demi memaparkan wajah palsu Georgetown kepada warga pelancong kononnya kota ini bebas dari krisis sosial. Sedangkan mereka hanya hilang pada pandangan mata selama beberapa hari, minggu atau bulan sebelum mereka menjelma semula. Jadi siapa mereka dihati kita ? Tidakkah mereka juga warga kota ini yang berhak diberi pembelaan ? Atau mereka hanya sekadar sampah ekonomi yang perlu disisihkan dan jika boleh dibuang lenyap dari muka bumi Georgetown ini.
Dari segi ekonomi, kami faham Pulau Pinang sebenarnya berusaha untuk keluar dari perangkap ekonomi berpendapatan sederhana dan bersaing dengan negara-negara jiran. Jadi Pulau Pinang perlu cepat untuk keluar dari pergantungan terhadap industri pembuatan yang memerlukan tenaga buruh yang lebih kompetitif. Dalam usaha membuka pintu ekonomi baru dalam bentuk knowledge-base dan value added industry, maka Georgetown perlu menjadi kota idaman yang selesa didiami oleh penghuni-penghuni baru yang profesional dan dikunjungi oleh para pelancong asing yang sanggup tinggal lama dan menghabiskan wang disini.
Namun demi mencapai matlamat untuk menjadikan Georgetown sebuah kota lestari, jangan pula kita menjadi hipokrit. Warga jalanan ini tidak patut dilihat sebagai musuh yang perlu dimusnahkan tetapi rakan yang perlu dibantu. Ya, mereka mungkin ada sifat-sifat nagatif yang sukar kita terima tetapi ia perlu dilihat sebagai masalah yang perlu dibantu sebagaimana seorang penagih rokok perlu dibantu untuk berhenti merokok bukan ditangkap dan dihumban keluar dari rumah. Tidak dapat dinafikan, kemunculan golongan ini sebenarnya berpunca dari pembangunan ekonomi dan sosial yang tidak seimbang. Mereka adalah suara-suara terpendam yang lahir dari keluarga yang pincang, mereka yang dirobohkan rumah dan dipaksa tinggal diflat-flat sempit yang tidak kondusif, masalah dadah, pelacuran dan kemiskinan bandar.
Bukan makanan yang benar-benar mereka perlukan, kehadiran NGO-NGO pemberi makanan ini hanya usaha langsung untuk memastikan mereka tetap dapat makan dan hidup. Mereka sebenarnya memerlukan sebuah perancangan penyelesaian yang teliti dan intensif. Tiada jalan mudah untuk usaha ini. Menangkap dan mengurung mereka untuk jangka waktu tertentu tidak akan menyelesaikan masalah. Mereka perlu dikelaskan dengan teliti, mereka yang miskin dan tidak boleh bekerja perlu dibantu dengan rumah dan kewangan, penagih dadah perlu dipulihkan, kanak-kanak lari dari rumah perlu diberi motivasi dan dikembalikan kepada keluarga, rumah-rumah pelacuran dan sindiket-sindiket perlu dihapuskan.
Jelas usaha untuk menjadikan Georgetown sebagai sebuah kota kondusif memerlukan usaha gigih dan mereka yang berautoriti jangan jadi malas dan perlu berusaha lebih gigih bersama komuniti NGO dan komuniti setempat. Operasi tangkap dan lepas tidak akan menyelesaikan masalah. Mereka bukan haiwan liar. Cadangan tidak masuk akal Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur yang dicadangkan Ku Nan untuk menyaman NGO2 yang membantu golongan ini juga jangan dijadikan sandaran kerana kita seharusnya masih punyai hati perut.

Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat, Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang, Kerajaan Negeri dan pihak berkuasa lainnya perlu serius bekerjasama dan mempunyai perancangan yang berterusan untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Makanan bukan masalah utama kepada isu ini. Jiwa kosong, tiada motivasi, tiada kemahiran, dan tiada keadilan sosio ekonomi adalah puncanya. Janganlah menuding jari sesama sendiri untuk menunjukkan siapa yang lebih hebat. Kita perlu berbincang dan mencapai kata sepakat.

N.F Amir
UNGGAS Malaysia


Saturday, April 5, 2014

The Vagabonds and Penang’s Struggle to Become a Progressive State

The Vagabonds and Penang’s Struggle to Become a Progressive State

Georgetown is the city center of Pulau Pinang which is situated at the northeast of the Island. Georgetown was listed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO on 7th July 2008 due to its rich history and culture. Envisaged in the National Physical Plan (NPP) of Malaysia, the George Town Conurbation (GTC) consists of the highly urbanized Penang Island, Seberang Prai, Sungai Petani, Kulim and the surrounding areas (see map 1). Georgetown has a population of 1.6 million (National Census, 2000) making it the second-largest metropolitan after Kuala Lumpur conurbation (Klang Valley). According to Kharas et al. (2010) the population in GTC is now estimated at 2 million. 

Map 1: Georgetown Conurbation
Source: Kharas et al. (2010)

Pulau Pinang is a popular tourist spot and important hub for foreign direct investors to operate their multi-national companies. In 2007, 200 multinational corporations had large scale operations in Penang, making it the second growth center in Malaysia, after Klang valley. Manufacturing of electrical and electronic (E&E) goods have generated a dynamism for the last 25 years, keeping Penang’s GDP growth ahead of the national average, above 7% between 1970 and 2005 (OECD, 2011). Pulau Pinang’s economic growth has not been free from competitors and global economic changes, in fact has been hit by the global economic crisis and the shift of multi-national companies to other countries offering cheaper labour. 

Furthermore, competitors from other newly industrialised countries with highly-skilled labour and more advance research and design capabilities like Singapore and Taiwan also become major competitors. Therefore, in order not to be overdependence on foreign direct investment, the government under the NCER Blueprint (2007) has come out with a regional planning development under the Northern Corridor Economic Region (NCER) aiming at intensified industrialization program in technological transformation towards a knowledge-based economy producing higher value-added products and services. The focus of industrialization is shifting from the assembly stage of E&E products to high technological value. In order to attract more direct and global investors, Pulau Pinang has to be a livable city in all aspects. Hence SERI (1999) has identified the desired indicators for Pulau Pinang Sustainability Initiative as below: 

1. Traffic Congestion and Safety

2. Water, Air and Environment Quality

3. Education and Health Facilities

4. Affordable and Convenience Housing

5. Social Problems and Crime Indicators

Despite this socio-economic progress and low incidence of poverty, Pulau Pinang is confronted with new social problems, the increasing number of vagabond wandering around the city. Vagabonds are people who turn to the street as their home and lifelines.

Vagabonds cause a significant gap in the Pulau Pinang’s Sustainability Initiatives. The existence of vagabond has tarnished the city’s image and a sign of unresolved social problems despite the state’s high and sustainable economic growth. According to Goheen (1998), vagabond problems are also related to claims over space by public and private sectors. The public sphere are controlled by private sectors and forces the poor, mainly homeless to gather at less comfortable places which eventually develop into vagabond niche. As far as we concern, indicator number 4 and 5 and the vagabond Issues are interrelated. Many people tent to simplify the Vagabond as the lazy, unmotivated and hopeless homeless (which we also need to help them to be motivated). In this case, Pertubuhan Urusetia Menangani Gejala Sosial Malaysia or UNGGAS Malaysia, one of many NGOs that does advocacy programs and data collections on vagabond point out that we need to expand our perception of who are the vagabonds. They are any of those who make the street life as their lifeline. They are neglected children who are freely out at night, teenagers with empty soul, the homeless, drug addicts, beggars, sex workers and foreign nationals especially the Rohingya with UNHCR status. Vagabond is actually not a new issue. Previously they have been called by many names as Pengemis Jalanan, Kutu Rayau, Kupu-kupu Malam and Belen. With no doubt, this issue has an impact on the socio-cultural of the society such as drug abuse, crime, out of wedlock pregnancy, dropout problems, infectious diseases and so forth. This problem if not addressed, may affect the welfare of society as a whole. Looking at it from the angle of social threat, Penang is not immune from the effects of various social problems that come from unbalance economic growth and social development.

When we talk about developing Penang especially Georgetown as a city with good livelihood to attract more talented peoples to live in Penang, it is irony to know that the municipality or MPPP (Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang) has no policies on Homeless (peoples who live on streets). We share our view with the Zakat Management Center or PUZ (Pusat Urus Zakat) and one of the officer give a respond that they has no database to determine who are among the Vagabond that eligible as Asnaf (peoples who qualified base on Islamic rule for the Zakat money). This problem prevents them to come out with a specific plan for Vagabond. We also approach Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat (JKM) to get their view on the issue, a JKM officer has brush away the issue as it is not a serious problems but rather a negative perception of NGO. It is the NGOs that encourage peoples to live on streets by give them foods. He insists that their operations to catch the homeless and put them in a rehab center called Rumah Singgah is effective enough even though UNGGAS’s interview with the Vagabond show that Rumah Singgah is not as effective as there are no specific and scheduled activity for personal development. After a few weeks or months, they will be released and become Vagabond again.

Therefore it is very important for us to make more and further research and come out with a policy brief for MPPP as well as the state and federal government to justify the need to address this issue and how its effect the economy and livelihood of the city. We need to find a way to collect the database of each vagabond for screening process. In this case I believe the ‘pigeon strategy’ will fit, provide shelter and food and they will come to you. The screening process is crucial because the type of help for each group of Vagabond is different. The homeless peoples need shelter, the drug and glue addicts need their own type of rehab center, the neglected children need motivation and the list goes on. What more important and challenging is to develop a program to identify the potential talent of the vagabond and create something that can benefit the city. It can be an attraction for tourist and alluring top global talent as the global competitiveness to attract talent can be condensed into the concept of the “livability” of a city, the ability to enjoy a high material standard of living, engage in creative activity and develop a sense of community (Kharas et al., 2011). 

Nfitriamir
Community Research And Action Team
UNGGAS Malaysia


References:
1. Goheen, P. G. (1998). Public space and the geography of the modern city. Progress in Human Geography, 479-496.
2. Kharas et al., (2010). Cities, people and the economy, A study on positioning Penang. Khazanah Nasional Berhad
3. OECD (2011) Higher Education in regional and City Development, State of Penang, Malaysia. OECD Publication.